哲學四個問題, Ontology, deontology

我是誰？
我哪裡來？  
我來這裡做什麼？
我往哪裡去？

 柏拉圖所提出的本體論（Ontology），
亞里斯多德也說過：「吾愛吾師，無更愛真理。」

Ontology earliest pushed moon to ancient Greece Plato and Aristotle , 
Aristotle Ontology is defined as " the presence of the scientific study of objects ." Classification of objects specifically , that : Under what circumstances , an object can be defined " presence " as . 

Such as including " universal " issues and problems " specific " is .
There can be a lot of questions about : " What exists ?" , Etc., 
for ontology , the most basic is to find out what the object is , 
what their ideas are and the "What to exist? " " What am I ?" Contact between . 

Descartes proposed the Age of Enlightenment " cogito ergo sum " opened the precedent ontological fundamental problem, 
but Descartes and no in-depth research, 
but also that there is no need for further research , 
and later theologians also said: 

" What is who can this phrase commonly applied to all things ? 
of course, only God . " 

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Metaphysics is through rational reasoning and logic studies can not directly perceive the resulting problems. Metaphysics refers to the basic law of philosophy. Metaphysics concerns theoretical philosophy of the core issues, such as basic premise, the causes, the first reason, and the basic structure, such as all real meaning and purpose. Many metaphysical range when the study is over form. 

Metaphysics also called "first philosophy", as Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy, "also called" metaphysical Meditations. " 

Aristotle human knowledge is divided into three parts, with the tree as a metaphor: 
the first part, the most basic part, which is the root, metaphysics, it is the foundation of all knowledge; 
the second part is physics, like trunk; 
the third part is the other natural sciences, with branches to metaphor. 

In the West, there are 3 traditional branches of metaphysics: 

Ontology - Study of the problems. 

Theology - Research god or gods and questions about God.  

General science - research first principle, which lead to other inquiries. 

For example, the law of non-contradiction. In certain areas, one can not exist without the presence of the object.